You seem to be mainly concerned with the sidewall height. The sidewall height for the 3 tire sizes you mention (285/45R22, 275/50R22 & 305/40R22) are 5.05", 5.41" & 4.8", so at best you could increase the sidewall by 0.36" with the 275.
Downsizing the wheel to 20" would allow you to increase the sidewall by almost an inch - for example a 275/55R20 has a 5.95" sidewall. This is what I did with my 2021 Limited, before and after pics attached to show what 0.9" more sidewall looks like (1st pic is the 20" wheel) Obviously this requires a purchase of wheels but I figured do it now to get my money's worth.
We run Michelin Defenders on my wife's SUV. They are a great all-season tire with really good snow and rain performance but by design will be a narrower, less aggressive tire. An AT tire looks more aggressive but many perform relatively poorly on rain, snow and ice. Unfortunately the selection of AT tires for 22" wheels is more limited, and none had the snow performance I needed which factored heavily into my decision to go to a 20" wheel.
Just some additional thoughts.....
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