I started on 2, to spread the polish around, then went up to 4. I went 3 full passes at 4 over each area (1 pass was up and down until covered the work area, then left to right until covered it again). No hand polishing needed. And I didn’t compound, the essence is a pre-ceramic enhancing polish, that removes swirls, and fills small defects. So just that one machine step. Cleaning pads - I just switched to a new pad when necessary, then washed the pads in the washing machine with my microfiber towels afterwards. They can be cleaned with a terry cloth towel during compound/polishing, or with a pad brush if necessary